Primary Sources
Sulaymān Ibn Aḥmad Author. Explanation of the Work of al-Ghazali and Nuh ibn al-Tahir al-Fulani. [Place of Publication Not Identified: Publisher Not Identified, 1800]
This work by Sulayman ibn Ahmad comments on the work of the famous scholar al-Ghazali and discusses a commentary on Ghazali’s work by Nuh ibn al-Tahir al-Fulani, a well-known scholar from Timbuktu. (LINK)
Sayyid Ahmad Ibn Amar Al-Raqadi Al-Tumbukti Al-Kunti, 17Th Century Author. Curing Diseases and Defects Both Apparent and Hidden. [Place of Publication Not Identified: Publisher Not Identified, to 1799, 1700]
This compilation of cures (date unknown) instructs the reader about methods of diagnosing and medicating the sick. The author explains the use of animal, plant, and mineral substances as medications. The work also includes prayers and Koranic verses that are helpful against illness. Displayed are instructions for writing prayers, helpful to the sick, for use in amulets. (LINK)
Explanations of Problems in Arithmetic with Examples. [Place of Publication Not Identified: Publisher Not Identified, to 1799, 1700]
This commentary by the 18th-century scholar al-Rasmuki explains a work by the medieval mathematician al-Samlali. Using charts and examples of problems, the commentator demonstrates the rules of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. He also discusses the history and development of mathematics. The text was used extensively by students in Timbuktu and throughout North Africa. (LINK)
Knowledge of the Movement of the Stars and What It Portends in Every Year. [Place of Publication Not Identified: Publisher Not Identified, to 1899, 1200]
This collection of writings (date unknown) draws upon the Greco-Roman legacy of astronomy, with the addition of discoveries made by Muslim scholars. The text is presented in the form of a Platonic discourse. It includes an explanation of how to determine which star is ascendant and what that portends for the world. (LINK)
Sayyid Ahmad Ibn Amar Al-Raqadi Al-Tumbukti Al-Kunti, 17Th Century Author. Curing Diseases and Defects Both Apparent and Hidden. [Place of Publication Not Identified: Publisher Not Identified]
This compilation of cures (date unknown) instructs the reader about methods of diagnosing and medicating the sick. The author explains the use of animal, plant, and mineral substances as medications. The work also includes prayers and Koranic verses that are helpful against illness. Displayed are instructions for writing prayers, helpful to the sick, for use in amulets. (LINK)
Islamic Medical Manuscripts at the National Library of Medicine.
Discover the pivotal role of Islamic medicine and science in medieval Europe through this comprehensive website, featuring biographies, vivid images, and detailed historical narratives. Tailored for students and enthusiasts of Islamic and European culture, the site offers an extensive glossary of medical, scientific, and book-production terms linked to the content. Advanced scholars can explore a catalogue of over 300 Persian and Arabic manuscripts from the National Library of Medicine, predominantly focusing on medieval medicine and science, catering to learned physicians and scientists, some of which are beautifully illuminated and illustrated. (LINK)
Al-Din Abu Al-Abbas Ahmad Ibn Al-Hajj Al-Amin Al-Tawathi Al-Ghalawi, Nasir Author. The Important Stars Among the Multitude of the Heavens. [Place of Publication Not Identified: Publisher Not Identified]
This early 18th-century text was written to train scholars in the field of astronomy, a science that Islamic tradition traces back to Adam and to the prophet Idris. The author discusses, among many other aspects of astronomy, how to use the movements of the stars to calculate the beginning of the seasons. He also discusses how to cast horoscopes. The work includes a diagram representing the rotation of the heavens. (LINK)
On the Calculation of Numbers in the Science of Astronomy. [Place of Publication Not Identified: Publisher Not Identified]
This work (date unknown) explains mathematical calculations and their use in astronomy and astrology. The final portion of the manuscript is missing. (LINK)
Secondary Sources
HABIB, S. IRFAN. “ISLAMIC SCIENCE OR SCIENCE IN ISLAMIC CIVILISATION?” India International Centre Quarterly 40, no. 1 (2013): 45–56. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24393293.
ALI, AUSAF. “ISLAM, SCIENCE, AND ISLAMIC SOCIAL ETHICS.” Islamic Studies 35, no. 4 (1996): 373–408. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20836963.
ALI, RABIA UMAR. “Medieval Europe: The Myth of Dark Ages and the Impact of Islam.” Islamic Studies 51, no. 2 (2012): 155–68. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23643958.
Gaida, Margaret. “Muslim Women and Science: The Search for the ‘Missing’ Actors.” Early Modern Women 11, no. 1 (2016): 197–206. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26431449.
Ragep, F. Jamil, and Alī al-Qūshjī. “Freeing Astronomy from Philosophy: An Aspect of Islamic Influence on Science.” Osiris 16 (2001): 49–71. http://www.jstor.org/stable/301979.
Stone, Richard. “An Islamic Science Revolution?” Science 309, no. 5742 (2005): 1802–4. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3843743.
Fleming, Stuart. “SCIENCE SCOPE: Islamic Science in Baghdad: A Greek Inheritance.” Archaeology 38, no. 4 (1985): 60–61. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41730225.
Grasshoff, Gerd. “Contextualizing the History of Islamic Sciences.” Early Science and Medicine 7, no. 3 (2002): 300–310. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4130447.
Dols, Michael. “Insanity in Byzantine and Islamic Medicine.” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 38 (1984): 135–48. https://doi.org/10.2307/1291501.
Dols, Michael W. “The Leper in Medieval Islamic Society.” Speculum 58, no. 4 (1983): 891–916. https://doi.org/10.2307/2853789.
De Vos, Paula. “The ‘Prince of Medicine’: Yūḥannā Ibn Māsawayh and the Foundations of the Western Pharmaceutical Tradition.” Isis 104, no. 4 (2013): 667–712.
Dols, Michael W. “THE ORIGINS OF THE ISLAMIC HOSPITAL: MYTH AND REALITY.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 61, no. 3 (1987): 367–90. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44442098.https://doi.org/10.1086/674940.