Primary Sources

Andalusī, Ṣāʻid ibn Aḥmad, Semaʻan I. Salem, and Alok Kumar. Science in the Medieval World: Book of the Categories of Nations. 1st ed. History of Science Series, no. 5. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991.

Overview:

During the Middle Ages, a thriving center for learning and research was Muslim Spain, where students gathered to consult Arabic manuscripts of earlier scientific works and study with famous teachers. One of these teachers was Sa’id al-Andalusi, who in 1068 wrote Kitab Tabaqat al-‘Umam, or ‘Book of the Categories of Nations,’ which recorded the contributions to science of all known nations. Today, it is one of few surviving medieval Spanish Muslim texts, and this is its first English translation.

Guiding Questions:

  • How does the book reflect the broader social and cultural dynamics of the medieval Islamic world, including the influence of Greek, Persian, and Indian medical traditions?
  • What is the relationship between medical knowledge and other forms of knowledge, such as philosophy, theology, and natural science, in the book and in the broader intellectual traditions of the Islamic world?
  • How does the book contribute to our understanding of the transmission and dissemination of medical knowledge across different regions and cultures during the medieval period?

Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (d. 1111) on the Evils of Cursing (La’n)

Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (d. 1111) on the Virtues of Learning and Teaching in the Islamic Tradition

Abul Hasan Ali Al-Masu’di (Masoudi).The Book of Golden Meadows, c. 940 CE “Internet History Sourcebooks: Medieval Sourcebook.” 

Al-Ghazzali. “Kitab al-‘Ilm’ THE BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE.” Translated by Nabih Amin Faris. 

Al Hariri of Basrah (446-516 A.H./1054-1122 CE): Maqamat, (The Assemblies), c. 1100 CE

Al-Mas’u̢di, Abu al-H̢asan. “Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems (957).” In Anthology of Arabic Discourse on Translation. Routledge, 2021.

An Arab Ambassador in Constantinople late 10th century. “Internet History Sourcebooks: Medieval Sourcebook.”

Andalusī, Ṣāʻid ibn Aḥmad, Semaʻan I. Salem, and Alok Kumar. Science in the Medieval World: Book of the Categories of Nations. 1st ed. History of Science Series, no. 5. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991.

Battuta, Ibn. 2004. Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-1354 Routledge.

Charles F. Horne, ed., The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East, (New York: Parke, Austin, & Lipscomb, 1917), Vol. VI: Medieval Arabia, pp. 205-234.

Charles F. Horne, ed., The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East, (New York: Parke, Austin, & Lipscomb, 1917), Vol. VI: Medieval Arabia, pp. 92-96.

D. S. Margoliouth, ed., The Table Talk of a Mesopotamian Judge, (London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1922), pp. 64-67, 164-68, 135-37, 93, 2 9-92, 86-87, 31, 160, 97-101, 172-73, 84-86, 204-6.

Encyclopaedia of Philosophy (ref/B41.E5), art. ‘Islamic philosophy’; R. Lerner and M. Mahdi, Medieval Political Philosophy (JA82.L4).

Ibn Battuta, Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354, trans. and ed. H. A. R. Gibb (London: Broadway House, 1929) PDF of 1929 edition [Internet Archive]

Ibn Battuta, Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354, trans. and ed. H. A. R. Gibb (London: Broadway House, 1929) PDF of 1929 edition [Internet Archive]

Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354. Translated and selected by H.A.R. Gibb. Edited by Sir E. Denison Ross and Eileen Power. (New York: Robert M. McBride & Company,)

Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani’s Biography of Ibn Khaldun (d. 808/1406)

Ibn Khaldūn et al.. 2005. The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.

Ibn Rushd (Averroës), 1126-1198 CE: Religion & Philosophy, c. 1190 CE. This text is known in English as On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy, in Arabic Kitab fasl al-maqal, with its appendix (Damina). Also appended is  an extract from Kitab al-kashf`an manahij al-adilla.

Khaldūn, Ibn. The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History. Routledge & K. Paul, 1958.

Magidow, Melanie. “Epic of the Commander Dhat Al-Himma.” Medieval Feminist Forum 54, no. 3 (February 5, 2019): 1–62. https://doi.org/10.17077/1536-8742.2151.

Paul Smith. THREE GREAT ABBASID POETS Abu Nuwas, al-Mutanabbi & al-Ma’arri Lives & Poems Translation & Introduction

Rusūm Dar Al-Khilāfah : The Rules and Regulations of the ʻabbāsid Court. 1977. Beirut: American University of Beirut.

Smyser, H.M. “Ibn Fadlan’s Account of the Rus with Some Commentary and Some Allusions to Beowulf.” Franciplegius: Medieval and Linguistic Studies in Honor of Francis Peabody Magoun, Jr. eds. Jess B. Bessinger Jr. and Robert P. Creed. New York: New York University Press. 1965. pp 92-119.

The Nizámu’l Mulk, TREATISE ON THE ART OF GOVERNMENT, Translated by Reuben Levy, M.A., 1929

Trans. Charles Genequand. Ibn Rushd’s Metaphysics. A Translation with Introduction of Ibn Rushd’s Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics, Book Lam.

Trans. Edward Moad. “Coherence of the Incoherence: Between Ibn Rushd & Al-Ghazali on Nature and the Cosmos.” Gorgias Press LLC

Translated by H. Amedroz, “An Embassy front Bagdad to the Emperor Basil II,” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, (1914), pp. 921 25. Reprinted in Deno Geanokoplos, Byzantium, (Chicago: 1984), 339-340

Umair Mirza. History of Tabari – Volume 35, 1998.

Vaiou, M. (Trans.). (2015). Diplomacy in the Early Islamic World: A Tenth-Century Treatise on Arab-Byzantine Relations. London, New York: I.B. Tauris. 

William Stearns Davis, ed., Readings in Ancient History: Illustrative Extracts from the Sources, 2 Vols. (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1912-13), Vol. II: Rome and the West, pp. 365-367

Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. The History of al-Tabari: An Annotated Translation. Vols. 27–38. Albany, N.Y., 1984–. English translation of the classic Arabic history, from 750 to the beginning of the tenth century.