Primary SOURCES
Garrett, Robert, [letters and Documents In Arabic From Egypt]. Egypt, n9nd.
A collection of letters and documents in Arabic on parchment and paper as well as a few fragments. Included are handwriting exercises, personal correspondence, commercial documents and legal texts, dating from the 10th cent. to the 19th cent. (items 3 and 4 dated 1242 H. [1826 or 1827]). Item 20 is in Ottoman Turkish. Description of parchment documents by Lennart Sundelin. (LINK)
Commercial Agreement Gold as Currency. [Place of Publication Not Identified: Publisher Not Identified, to 1900, 1500]
This commercial agreement concerns commerce in several cities. The agreement contains interesting references to the cost of building houses in the city of Massinah (present-day Macina). Gold is used as the standard of value in all transactions, which include the buying and selling of slaves, gold bullion, and Acacia senegal (gum arabic). (LINK)
Commercial Agreement Slave Trade. [Place of Publication Not Identified: Publisher Not Identified, to 1900, 1500]
Wathīqah Tijārīyah (Commercial agreement) is a contract among merchants involved in the sale and transportation of slaves between Timbuktu and Ghadames, an ancient oasis town in western Libya. (LINK)
Book of the Blessed Merits of Crafts and Agriculture. [Place of Publication Not Identified: Publisher Not Identified, to 1900, 1500]
The social benefits of trades, crafts, and agricultural pursuits are discussed in this book. The anonymous author describes the contributions to society of various vocations and expresses the fundamental dignity that individuals acquire by working in socially useful jobs. (LINK)
Fulānī, Aḥmad Ibn Bawḍ Ibn Muḥammad Author. The Beginner’s Guide to Commercial Transactions The Protection of Individuals in Commercial Transactions. [Place of Publication Not Identified: Publisher Not Identified, to 1900, 1800]
This volume delineates the obligations of parties to commercial exchanges and contracts. In Sullam al-Aṭfāl fī Buyū’ al-Ājāl (The beginner’s guide to commercial transactions), Aḥmad ibn Bawḍ ibn Muḥammad al-Fulānī concentrates on sales and how individuals loaning money are to be protected in commercial transactions. His use of verse is an aid to memorizing the text. (LINK)
SECONDARY SOURCES
Labib, Subhi Y. “Capitalism in Medieval Islam.” The Journal of Economic History 29, no. 1 (1969).
(LINK)
Apter, Emily. “Against World Literature: On the Politics of Untranslatability.”
Blair, Sheila S. and Bloom, Jonathan M. “The Art and Architecture of Islam 1250–1800.”
Eaton-Krauss, Marianne and Carboni, Stefano. “Persische Buchmalerei: Vom Mongolensturm bis zur Safawidenzeit.”
Francis D.K. Ching, Mark M. Jarzombek, and Vikramaditya Prakash (eds). “A Global History of Architecture.”
Fraser, Valerie. “The Architecture of Conquest: Building in the Viceroyalty of Peru, 1535–1635.”